One Author or Editor B. Two or Three Authors or Editors C. Four or More Authors or Editors D. Chapter in an Edited Book E. Multivolume Works F. Organization as Author G. No Author H. E-Book I. Reference Book J. Carter, Jimmy. Public papers of the presidents of the United States: Jimmy Carter, References List Format : In general, give the issuing body, then the title and any other information such as report numbers that would help your readers locate the source.
Follow with the publication data and the page numbers if relevant. Department of Agriculture. House of Representatives. Attorney-client privilege and the right of congressional access to documents for oversight purposes in the case of the suspension of the telephone loan programs by the U.
References List Format : Commission Name. Publication Title-in italics. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Annual report of the U. Year of Treaty. Treaty Title. Day Month of Treaty. TIAS Number. Publication Name-in italics. Number, Part Number-if text instead of microform. Department of State. TIAS no. United States treaties and other international agreements. Report Title-in italics.
Note: State laws or municipal ordinances are normally cited in the running text, although compilations of state laws codes or municipal ordinances may be cited in the References List.
State Laws or Municipal Compilation Title-in italics. Editor Name -in parenthesis. Revised Statutes, Annotated Michie Co. Note: Organize alphabetically and avoid using "Anonymous". When a work is of unknown origin, use the first word of its title, excluding definite or indefinite articles which may be transposed to the end of the title.
When the author's name is known but does not appear on the title page place it before the title as you would normally, but in [brackets]. When the author's name is uncertain, indicate so with a question mark inside the [brackets? Parsons, Elsie Clews. Folk-lore of the Sea Islands, South Carolina. Reprint, Chicago: Afro-Am Press. Black April. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. Shor, Ira. Culture wars: School and society in the conservative restoration, Boston: Routledge and K.
A pedagogy of liberation: Dialogues on transforming education. New York: Bergin and Garvey. The three-em dash serves the same purpose as "ditto" marks. When an author appears consecutively, associated with different titles, a three-em dash may replace the name after the first entry. Each work is then organized in chronological order, by publication date. In the event of two works being published in the same year, add a lowercase letter following the date and alphabetize the entries by title.
Nesbitt, P. Zoning laws and neighborhood crises. Knoxville, TN: Wachese Press. The role of neighborhood associations in urban development battles. University of Chicago Press. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Turabian, K. The official Chicago Manual of Style website, updated regularly, is the comprehensive guide to all things CMS: the organization, its journals, products and services. Some material displayed on this site is used with permission.
Citing Sources within Your Document. Citing Sources at the End of Your Document. Citation Information. Citing an Entire Source: Author Name Included in Preceding Sentence Format: When the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, you may omit this name from the parentheses to avoid redundancy, using only the date. Example One: Myers compared sustainable management techniques Example Two: In Myers , sustainable management techniques are compared to more conventional practices.
Citing Part of a Source When citing a specific part of a source, document the last name of the author, the year of publication and the page numbers or chapter, section, line numbers, etc. Citing Part of a Source Format: When the citation falls at the end of the sentence, the parenthetical note precedes the end punctuation period. Example: Because of the underdevelopment of the racial theme, Bright Skin was said to have "failed to feed the growing appetite for anti-establishment tracts while at the same time offering no new insights into the nature of Blue Brook Plantation" Landess , Citing Sources with Unnamed, Uncertain or Anonymous Authors Format: When no author is listed on the tile or copyright page, begin the entry with the title of the work.
Example Two: Letting Ana Go. Example: Mendelson, Abby. Citing Authors with Same Last Name in References List Format: Include first name initials of all in-text cited authors when other authors in your References List have the same last name.
Example: K. Example One: Paul Nesbitt telephone interview, 19 August expressed his dissatisfaction with the proposed plan. Example Two: In a letter dated 12 August , Nesbitt indicated to his daughter that a new plan was being presented to the County Commissioners. Example: Jerin, Robert A. Example One: Harry Markopolos et al. Example: Nesbitt et al. Citing Sources Authored by a Group or Corporation Format: Use the group or corporation as the author; it may also be the publisher.
And a subsequent in-text citation will look like: The proposal requested new and increased salaries for theatre staff BBTC Citing Two or More Sources in the Same Parenthesis Format, Two or More Sources by Same Author: When you are citing two or more works by the same author in one parenthetical note, list the name of the author only once, followed by the publication dates of the various works in order of year of publication.
Example: Psychologists have arrived at this conclusion in the past Tripp, , , Example: Past research Johnson a, b has revealed interesting patterns. Example: Several studies Evens ; Dorer ; Bundy have contributed to our current understanding of this phenomenon.
Example: International Monetary fund. Example: Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Book with Two Authors Note: Names must always appear in the same order as found on the Title page of the work being cited. Book with Three Authors Note: Names must always appear in the same order, separated by commas, as found on the Title page of the work being cited. Example: Alred, Gerald J. Book with Four or More Authors Note: Names must always appear in the same order as found on the Title page of the work being cited.
Example: Douglass, Frederick. Example: Ali, Nujood, and Delphine Minoui. Chapter in a Book or Selection in an Anthology References List Format : Give the author and title in quotation marks for the chapter or selection. Example: Dalrymple, William. Example: Williams, Susan Millar. Book Editions Second, Third, etc. Example: Brinkley, Alan. Reprinted Republished Books References List Format : Place the original publication date before the publication information for the reprint.
Example: James, King of England. Untitled Volume in a Multivolume Work References List Format : In the notes, give the volume number and page number, separated by a colon, for the specific location of the information referred to in your text. Example: Hanqi, Fang, ed. Titled Volume in a Multivolume Work References List Format : Give the title of the volume to which you refer, followed by the volume number and the general title for the entire work.
Example: Atkinson, Rick. Book in a Series References List Format : The series name follows the title and is capitalized as a title but is not italicized.
Example: Holt, Michael F. Example: Stannard, Martin. Journal Article with Non-Consecutive Pagination Note: Non-Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with page 1 and not with the number that follows the last page number in the previous issue, as is the case with consecutive pagination.
Article in a Weekly Magazine References List Format : Cite like a monthly magazine see next format , but provide the day of publication.
Article in a Newspaper Note: In most cases, newspaper articles are cited in running text and are not included in the References List; however, when you do, follow the example below. Note: When not part of the newspaper title, include name of American city, in italics, along with the rest of the title, as shown here: Denver Rocky Mountain News Note: When city name is not well known, or there is more than one city in America with the same name, include the state abbreviation, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here: Ashtabula , OH Star-Beacon Note: Follow the title of foreign newspapers with its hometown name, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here: Sunday Times London 7.
Citing an Unsigned Article in a Newspaper or Magazine References List Format : If not author is given, begin the note with the title of the article; begin the bibliography entry with the title of the periodical. Unpublished Interviews References List Format : Do not include unpublished interviews in the bibliography. Article from an Online Journal Fields, Gary.
Article from an Online Database Pes, Alessandro. Article in an Online Magazine Seigel, Jacob. This makes your citations more concise. In Chicago notes and bibliography style , the usual standard is to use a full note for the first citation of each source, and short notes for any subsequent citations of the same source. In Chicago author-date style , your text must include a reference list. It appears at the end of your paper and gives full details of every source you cited.
In notes and bibliography style, you use Chicago style footnotes to cite sources; a bibliography is optional but recommended. Footnotes appear at the bottom of the relevant page. Endnotes appear in a list at the end of the text, just before the reference list or bibliography. In Chicago notes and bibliography style , you can use either footnotes or endnotes, and citations follow the same format in either case.
In APA and MLA style , footnotes or endnotes are not used for citations, but they can be used to provide additional information. Turabian style is a version of Chicago style designed specifically for students and researchers.
It follows most Chicago conventions, but also adds extra guidelines for formatting research papers , theses and dissertations.
Turabian, now in its ninth edition. Both present the exact same information; the only difference is the placement of the year in source citations:. There are also other types of bibliography that work as stand-alone texts, such as an annotated bibliography. A good standard choice is 12 pt Times New Roman.
In a Chicago footnote citation , when the author of a source is unknown as is often the case with websites , start the citation with the title in a full note. In short notes and bibliography entries, list the organization that published it as the author.
Author, "Shortened Title" page. Haynes, Noah's Curse Haynes, The Last Segregated Hour Prose As Author writes in Shortened Title Author states that Shortened Title page.
As Author writes in "Shortened Title" Author states that "Shortened Title" page. Haynes writes in Noah's Curse that Haynes states that The Last Segregated Hour Works Cited. Toggle action bar FAQ Actions. Print Tweet Share on Facebook Was this helpful?
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