Curcas pdf

They are limited by frost, water logging, on proximate constraints limiting distribution and abun- inadequate rainfall, scorching temperature, terrain steep- dance of a species. Classification of the datasets of the identified factors The study has shown that there is ample oppor- into three levels of suitability enables measuring each tunity for jatropha investment in the country.

How- factor in terms of fixed suitability classes. This further ever, considerable attention should be given to proper technologies for establishment, management and pro- Table 3 Proportion of land suitability classes for jatropha cessing of jatropha products to get optimum benefit production from the sector.

Establishment of jatropha plantations No. Land preparation and agronomic practices must be 2 Moderately suitable Further- 3 Highly suitable Methods There is great variation in altitude ranging from about Site description meters below sea level to meters above sea Ethiopia is geographically located within the tropics level IBC ; EPA The country has an undulating between 3 degrees and 15 degrees of north latitude and topography providing ample opportunity to satisfy bio- between 33 degrees and 48 degrees of east longitude.

It based development interests. Republic, Somalia, Eritrea and Djibouti Figure 6. Taddese Environmental Systems Research Page 10 of 13 Table 4 Definition of weighing scale for pair-wise comparisons.

Availability of data was also a key element comparison considered during selection of factors for this study. Intensity of importance Definition verbal judgment of numerical value preference Standardization of the criteria 1 Equal preference To compare the criteria, values of each dataset need to 2 Somewhat moderate preference be transformed to the same unit of measurement scale. Each dataset was converted into raster data format.

These pixel values, though having the Reciprocals of the above If criterion i has one of the above same unit of measurement scale, were classified into non-zero numbers assigned to it when compared with criterion j, suitability classes for jatropha production. After classifi- then j has the reciprocal value cation, all raster data of each factor had values of 3, 2 when compared with i.

The country receives mean annual rainfall in the resultant overlay analysis, a pair-wise comparison of Relief variability and the resulting climatic characteris- For preventing bias during criteria weighing, consistency tics make the country home to a wide range of plant, ani- ratio was used as a tool to ensure coherent comparisons. Consequently, the country is Consistency ratio is a general measure of the comparative regarded as a centre of endemism IBC ; Vivero et al.

It was calculated as the ratio of Jatropha is one of the plant species that is tradition- consistency index CI and random consistency index ally used by the Ethiopian population for a number of RI.

The RI is the random index representing consistency domestic purposes. Even though there is no in-depth of a randomly generated pair-wise comparison matrix. It was computed from expert preference values plants including jatropha in many parts of the country.

For example, castor bean is located elsewhere in many parts of the country. Table 5 Random consistency index values in a pair-wise comparison matrix Number of items being compared n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RI 0 0 0. Taddese Environmental Systems Research Page 11 of 13 Figure 7 Schematic illustration of spatial model of suitability assessment for Jatropha curcas production.

This was verified through intensive of inconsistent judgments; whereas values of 0. Consistency ratio was the other mech- indicate reasonable level of consistency in the pair-wise anism to ensure whether the factor ranking process was comparison. Moreover, the model was verified with field real- ities by comparing the model results with location coordi- Spatial modeling nates of actual occurrence data that were collected using Spatial model was built in ArcGIS version Although the field data where data format conversion, reclassification and the collection was not exhaustive, most of the suitable areas final weighted overlay analysis were performed see identified in this study complied with the field observation Figure 7.

The various factors i. However, if one or more of In the overall weighted overlay analysis, each criterion was the environmental variables considered in this study weighed by its importance value, which reflects influence changes, the model result will also be different. For in- of the criteria in the overall suitability S. This suitability index is sensitive to any change in the variables.

Where Wi represents weight of each criterion Ci. Plant Soil Environ 54 9 — Competing interests Garg KK, Karlberg L, Wani SP, Berndes G Jatropha production on wastelands The author declares that there are no competing interests associated with in India: opportunities and trade-offs for soil and water management at the this research work. HT has carried out the research design, data collection, analysis, synthesis, Middle-East J Sci Res 10 4 — field checking and write up of the research paper.

Jatropha Curcas. Visions and realities. Habitamu has Subtrop 1 —38 interest in spatial modeling exercises. Heller J Physic nut, Jatropha curcas. Ethiopia: Second Country Report fruitful contributions she made to enable such an accomplishment. Deutsche contribution of Mr. Kebede Wolka, Mr. Solomon Abate who encouraged me to engage and Nairobi in this study. Special thanks to Tatum Branaman for helping in language Jafari S, Zaredar N Land suitability analysis using multi-attribute decision editing.

I also acknowledge the anonymous reviewers and the editor of this making approach. Intern J Environ Sci Dev 1 5 — journal for their detailed and constructive comments to rectifying the overall Javaheri H Site selection of municipal solid waste landfill using analytical structure and enriching the contents of the paper.

Global Jatropha Curcas Evaluation. Breeding and Jatropha bio-diesel production and use. Biomass Bioenergy 32 12 — Propagation Programme.

African Kearney M Habitat, environment and niche: what are we modeling? Integrated Crop Management. ISBN fluorescence characteristics. Physiol Plant — — Makkar, H. Federal Democratic Republic protein supplement to livestock feed, constraints to its utilization and of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia possible strategies to overcome constraints. A review. Ethiopian Bio-fuels Development and Combat Desertification. A framework for land Evaluation. Feedstock in Kenya.

The optimum shoot growth with high number was observed using MS medium supplemented with Callus formation is a significant problem 1.

It was observed in the presence 3. However, respectively. According to Table 2. On the other hand, and a key step in the vegetative propagation of by increasing the concentration of BA, mem-tr economically important woody, horticultural and or zeatin the shoot formation increased in both agricultural plant species and is a critical factor lines.

Moreover, using 1. In this study, Generated shoots 3. IBA significantly a maximum initiation of healthy shoot buds 1. The obtained shoots were lesser in its control. The optimum rooting medium with good number than the number in the 1st experiment. However, a higher concentration of lines. The results are in harmony with that found IBA In this experiment, the formation and formed small callus growth less best response of 1.

IBA from 0. In other papers, Egypt. Influence of plant growth regulator PGRs on multiple shoot formation from nodal explants of different Jatropha curcas lines. Shoot multiplication on Jatropha curcas explants using 1. Effect of different concentrations and combination of PGRs on multiple shoot formation of different jatropha curcas lines. TABLE 3. Influence of different concentrations of IBA on adventitious root formation of different Jatropha curcas lines.

Also, these in Ecuador Jatropha Table 5 and Fig. Then, cool white fluorescent lambs found to be more suitable hormone than IBA for that produced 3. In this investigation, 0. Furtherore , white LED light was more effective The maximum number of roots 3. However, 3. On the other side, increasing the concentration of IBA from 0.

Also, it was found that addition of auxins like IAA or The results are in agreement with Daud et 2,4-D with different concentrations to the basal al. The induction of excessive callus plantlets regenerated from shoots incubated under formation was avoided only on IBA containing fluorescent light because the led red light increases medium individually but in the presence of IAA the percentage of root formation, number of roots and 2,4-D, excessive callus growth was formed at and root length of Jatropha curcas with limited or no the basal end of shoots.

Also, the results in agreement with Nhut et al. On the fluorescent WWF and different high- brightness contrary, the data disagree with those observed by LEDs red — blue — white were used to monitor Iacona and Muleo who found that blue light the root initiation of in vitro Jatropha shoots.

Influence of different light treatments on Jatropha curcas root formation. Well-developed healthy in vitro rooted Using new LED light technology, is a promising plantlets after 6 weeks were washed thoroughly method for elite propagation, especially red for in running tap water and hardened for ex vitro. Patrick Van tap water followed by covering with transparent Damme, Laboratory of Tropical, Subtropical plastic bags to maintain humidity.

Also, ethylene bags containing garden soil and farmyard my gratitude is further extended to employees manure for further growth.

A reliable micropropagation method of Jatropha plants from nodal explants with much Egypt. Adventitious rooting of Madagascar and Ecuador J. Nat Resou Forum, 29, Abdulla, R. Neuwinger, These observations indicate the Neumann et al. Osaniyi property of steroids. It exhibited a wide range of potentials. Investigation of the coagulant activity of the biological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, latex of J. They also antioxidant properties Hodek et al. Hence, the discovered that diluted latex, however, exhibits presence of these compounds in J.

This indicates that J. Members of rural possesses both pro-coagulant and anticoagulant communities of Churu district in the Thar Desert, India activities Osaniyi and Onajobi, Fazwishni and used the twigs of this plant as tooth brushes to Kristiani conducted mutagenicity test to evaluate strengthen the gum and to cure gum boils Parveen et al.

The extraction of J. The latex can be used as anti- effects with cytotoxicity Matsuse et al. Oyi et al. The antimicrobial activities of the latex could be due to the presence of secondary metabolite such as tannins, flavonoids and saponins Latex which have been confirmed to be present in the latex Levens et al.

Tannins coagulate the cell wall Folklore uses of J. Saponins are surface-active agents where they wound dressing and many others Fazwishni and alter the permeability of the cell wall, thus facilitating the Kristiani, The latex contains tannin, saponin, wax entry of toxic materials or leakages of vital constituents and resin Perry and Metzger, ; Watt and Breyer- from the cell.

Flavonoids are phenolic compound in Brandwijk, A proteolytic enzyme, curcain, can be nature; they act as cytoplasmic poisons where they inhibit obtained from the latex by alcohol and acetone the activity of enzymes Iwu, ; Pathak et al.

A novel cyclic octapeptide known as curcacycline A was isolated from The seeds of J. Curcin is a toxic protein isolated properties Sirisomboon et al. The roots are also from the seeds, and also contains a high concentration of reported to be used as an antidote for snake bites. During phorbol esters Adolf et al. In order to control these symptoms, a dose well as from microorganisms and plants.

Because of the of two tablespoons of root suspension with butter milk is simple availability, microbial esterases are of interest for recommended, once or twice a day depending on the application in industrial processes. They are widely used severity of the symptoms Mujamdar et al. It is for the resolution of racemic mixtures of compounds, in reported that the root is triturated with a little asafetida order to produce pure enantiomers Staubmann et al.

Lipases constitute a significant portion of enzymes diarrhea Desai, ; Dymock et al. Based on ethnobotanical practice, the root extract Hills et al. Lipases have potential use in lipid of this plant was investigated by Mujamdar et al. The proposed mechanism of action was through a In Egypt, the seed is used for the treatment of arthritis, combination of inhibition of elevated prostaglandin gout and jaundice Khafagy et al. The seed of this biosynthesis and reduction in propulsive movements of plant has also been used traditionally for the treatment of small intestine Mujamdar et al.

The seed oil after crushing, for the treatment of inflammation by Bhil can be applied to treat eczema and skin diseases and to tribes from Rajasthan area in India on empirical basis sooth rheumatic pain Heller, The oil is also used Joshi, Considering this information, Mujamdar externally for the treatment of sciatica, dropsy and and Visar evaluated for local and systematic anti- paralysis Mujamdar et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of topical interest for skin care Kumar and Sharma, The oil application of J.

Also, as reported, the seed oil can be a carried out by ether and methanol. Resultant anti- remedy against syphilis. In South Sudan, the seeds as inflammatory activity might be due to the effects on well as the fruits are used as a contraceptive or as several mediators and arachidonic acid metabolism abortifacient List and Horhammer, The roots can also be used in decoction as a mouthwash J.

Phytochemical analysis of the extracts Conclusions revealed the presence of many secondary metabolites including steroids, alkaloids and saponins. Chen et al. The use of traditional medicine and medicinal plants as a had isolated diterpenoids jatropholone A and B normative basis for the maintenance of good health has and a new diterpenoid named jatropholol from the roots been widely observed UNESCO, Previous work Dekker et al.

A lot of medicinal uses of J. Aiyelaagbe et al. This plant typically contains mixtures of antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms different chemical compounds that may act individually, responsible for various infections especially sexually additively or in synergy to improve health. Numerous transmitted diseases. The results displayed potent biologically active substances have been isolated and antimicrobial activity against the target organisms giving characterized from all parts of the Jatropha plant.

Their minimum inhibitory concentration MIC as low as 0. It confirmed the potency of this plant in treating a great number of applications of J. The medicines. However, the full potential of J. The role of J. Use of plant action antiinflammatoria Upper Ucayall, eastern Peru. Fitoterapia, Studies of promising potentials in the pharmaceutical field. South African medicinal plants part 4, Jaherin, a new daphene Commercializing on the medicinal product derived from J.

South curcas may turn out to be more profitable than using Afr. Desai VG Aushadhi Sangraha. Shri Gajanan Book Jatropha as fuel substitution. All non-energy uses of J. Depot, Dadar, Mumbai, P. Gallnuts and the uses of Tannins in Chinese options. The investigations of economics of making such Medicine. In: Proceedings of Institute for Tradit.

Med, Portland, products and the markets for the products should be Oregon. Duke JA CRC Press, Boca vigorously developed. Currently, the growers of this plant Raton, Florida, pp. Pharmacographica Indica — economic benefits from the plant, especially for its A history of the Principal drugs of Vegetable origin Bishen Singh various uses because of poor documentation and little Mahindra Pal Singh. Dehra-Dun, P. East Afr. Mutagenicity activity of Jatropha curcas exploit commercially.

Promotion is needed to increase L. Euphorbiaceae latex. Kedoktoran Sci. Bio Tech. Some of the current strategies used to Heller J Physic Nut. Jatropha curcas L. Promoting the promote usefulness of J.